Physical therapy and occupational therapy are both closely related, but they are not entirely the same thing. If you or someone you know has undergone an injury or chronic illness, and you need professional help with recovery, it could be important to understand the difference between both types of therapy and when each is required. This post helps to break down some of the key differences.
What is physical therapy (PT)?
Physical therapy focuses primarily on improving movement, strength and physical function. PTs are experts in the musculoskeletal system – which includes bones, muscles, joints and nerves. They work with patients to restore mobility, reduce pain and prevent future injuries.
In the case of a sports injury, a physical therapist might recommend stretches and specific exercises to help recover. Tools like ultrasound technology and electrical stimulation are sometimes used. PTs can also help with post-surgery recovery – usually for operations that affect mobility such as hip replacements – and can also help people with conditions like arthritis and Parkinson’s. Sessions can happen in clinics, hospitals or at the patient’s home.
How do you become a physical therapist? Usually an advanced degree is required. An individual can then get licensed and start looking into physical therapist jobs.
What is occupational therapy?
Occupational therapy takes a broader approach than physical therapy. The core duty of an OT is to help people independently perform everyday activities (‘occupations’) like dressing, washing, cooking or driving. This can include overcoming physical and mental barriers.
In the case of a stroke, an occupational therapist might help to teach adaptive techniques while also recommending new home modifications and equipment – such as special utensils for eating and grab bars in the bathroom. Types of conditions that an OT might work with include neurological disorders, respiratory diseases, aging-related diseases, mental health issues and development delay in kids. You can find them working in hospitals, rehab centres and specialist schools for kids with disabilities.
OTs also require specialist training just like a physical therapist in order to get licensed. Some may choose to specialize in certain health conditions.
PT vs OT: What’s the difference?
PTs tend to focus more on the body itself, whereas OTs focus on environmental changes and mental support. Gym-like exercises and manual therapy are a technique used by PTs that OTs are not trained to carry out. Meanwhile, OTs can teach patients how to use assistive devices – which can include wheelchairs, prosthetics, oxygen tanks and hoists – which is something PTs may not touch on.
There is a slight overlap: both OTs and PTs can work with patients to provide pain relief and mobility restoration. In this case, the two may work together – either through separate sessions or joint appointments. A doctor will be able to link you up with both types of professionals in most cases. That said, you can hire your own physical therapist or occupational therapist if you prefer. You should avoid using PTs and OTs to diagnose conditions, as this is not what they are trained to do – although you may be able to give you a good idea of what you problem may be, it is preferable that you see a doctor first and undergo medical tests, and then hire a PT or OT.
The owners and authors of Cinnamon Hollow are not doctors and this is in no way intended to be used as medical advice. We cannot be held responsible for your results. As with any product, service or supplement, use at your own risk. Always do your own research and consult with your personal physician before using.
Meg is an author at Cinnamon Hollow. She writes on a variety of topics sharing tips and ideas for daily life.
